Carl Friedrich Abel (December 22, 1723 – June 20, 1787) was a German composer of the Classical era. He was one of the last professional bass violists. His expressive Adagios were especially praised. As a composer he was most prolific in symphonies and overtures (over 40 works), sonatas for two and three instruments, and bass viol pieces. His works, mostly in three movements, are generally genial and energetic but use a rich harmonic style, often unusual phrase-lengths, and melodies of instrumental character.

One of the most widely known works of Abel became famous due to a misattribution: in the 19th century, a manuscript symphony in the hand of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was catalogued as his Symphony no. 3 in E flat, K. 18,. That symphony was originally published as the concluding work in Abel's Six Symphonies, Op. 7.

Having settled in London, in 1759, Abel quickly established himself, eventually obtaining the post of court musician to Queen Charlotte. In addition, he established a professional partnership with Johann Christian Bach, Bach's son who was known as the "London Bach."

Abel and Bach initiated a successful concert series, the famous "Bach-Abel Concerts", which went on until 1781. A versatile composer whose works include symphonies, piano concertos, chamber music, and compositions for the viola da gamba, Abel, while faithful to the style of the Mannheim school, developed an accessible personal idiom characterized by remarkable grace and elegance.